![]() John Fields in his 2003 psycholinguistics textbooks says: A Spreading-Activation Theory of Retrieval in Sentence Production. Psycholinguists can use this fact in order to infer the structure of linguistic rules without having direct, conscious access to them.ĭell (1986). Interestingly, speech errors rarely violate the rules of syntax, morphology, or phonology (even though they may make little sense semantically). The same model can predict typographic errors as well: phonemes spread activation to orthographic units, which spread activation to the proper motor units which control our fingers. However, this model is susceptible to retroactive and proactive interference: if we have just spoken another word that requires a different morpheme, its activation may exceed that of the target morpheme because of (for instance) undue attention or neural noise. When the activation of a phoneme unit exceeds a certain threshold, it is selected for utterance (e.g., spreads activation to the motor units that allow us to speak). By selecting the units in a neural network that correspond to a certain lemma, it spreads activation to the corresponding morphemes, which in turn spreads activation to its corresponding phonemes. When mentally planning the next word in a sentence, we must choose the appropriate lemma. He has used neural networks to explain speech errors of different types. He is, in my opinion, the expert in this domain. If you're interested in learning more, I would suggest reading some articles by Gary Dell (e.g., Dell, 1986). ![]() The speech error taxonomy on Wikipedia that Jeromy Anglim links to in his answer is pretty comprehensive.
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